Recognizing Individual and Cultural Differences in Supervision 0000002734 00000 n
In M. T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, & E. M. Cummings (Eds. In: Heward WL, Heron TE, Neef NA, Peterson SM, Sainato DM, Cartledge G, et al., editors. The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer. 1, 2022; Journal of Career Assessment, Vol. Elizabeth Hughes Fong, Robyn M. Catagnus, and Matthew T. Brodhead shared first author, National Library of Medicine 24, No. goes a long way toward opening the door for students to know that its OK to talk about who they are as well, he said. Lillis J, Hayes SC. The elusive cultural chameleon: Cultural intelligence as a new approach to intercultural training for the global manager. For example, in examining table manners across cultures, French parents may believe that child table manners are the essence of their culture. American Psychological Association. )h=MIN-r\9~dz |Wc0:pVJmPHFkjIZ%k1a&,|yP ;jIp5:T I-,`
nm@e S Rispoli M, OReilly M, Lang R, Sigafoos J, Mulloy A, Auguilar J, Singer G. Effects of language implementation on functional analysis outcomes. This approach also asks supervisors to teach students about alternative models, including Indigenous perspectives that highlight the importance of love, relationships, Indigenous knowledge, local approaches to wellness, responsibility, and the role of nature in fostering community wellness. (1990). Kauffman JM, Conroy M, Gardner R, Oswald D. Cultural sensitivity in the application of behavioral principles in education. In addition, the relationship between the perception of the relationship on the one hand and employee engagement, absenteeism and intention to quit on the other hand was assessed. Guilford Publications. In such a case, behavior analysts may consider giving the person the opportunity to complete the forms orally or have another person help with the form completion. 5 Ways to be a Culturally Responsive Therapist The field in general is looking at education through an EDI lens and applying that lens to all of our work, including to supervision, she said. The article uses a fictional scenario to consider the value of open conversations about cultural experiences and differences to begin a supervisory relationship. Psychologists who do this well point to some guiding influences in their work. These foundational cultural concepts are applicable not just to the supervisory relationship, but also to clinical, team, and organizational dynamics. But a lot of it came down to just spending time talking through what was happening culturally, how our backgrounds might be influencing the work we were doing together, and as much as possible, trying to be open to those perspectives.. Chong, L., & Thomas, D. (1997). Theorizing about intercultural communication. (1996) also provided another resource for increasing culturally aware behavior analytic services. Our suggestions are meant to serve as a starting point for furthering a behavior analytic understanding of cultural awareness and how that awareness can be integrated and improved upon in everyday practice. ), Handbook on cultural intelligence: Theory, measurement and applications (pp. Administrators and faculty in universities can set specific learning outcomes for teaching about diversity and cross-cultural implementation skills. Barrera, I., Kramer, L., & MacPherson, D. (2012). It is very possible that a culturally informed assessment may lead to a culturally informed intervention that may ultimately lead to implementation with high fidelity. He has students learn about the personal impact of colonialism and racism on Indigenious patients; dive into scholarship on Indigenous health, mental health, wellness, trauma, pain, illness, and injury; consider how Indigenous feminist and queer scholars envision processes of change, healing, and liberation; and ensure that their therapeutic work is informed by findings from current Indigenous-led research. Does seeing eye to eye affect work engagement and organizational citizenship behavior? Brodhead MT. (2001). While mindful attention focuses on the interaction between the behavior analyst and the client/family, scientific mindedness is a focus on interpreting information from the client and family; both characteristics facilitate culturally aware practice. However, the behavior analyst still did not assign a high priority to teaching the child the skills needed for successful church attendance. (2012) describe culture as common behaviors related by comparable learning histories, social and environmental contingencies, contexts and stimuli, so self-awareness might also include verbal discrimination of these aspects of personal experience. Jibaja-Rusth ML, Kingery PM, Holcomb JD, Bruckner WP, Pruitt BE. (2012). Washington, DC: Anthropological Society of Washington. : Doctor of Project Management, School of Property, Construction and Project Management. Zhu, W., Avolio, B. J., & Walumbwa, F. O. In Japan, in contrast, many children will leave the table during a meal, and it is acceptable in certain settings for them to run around, even in restaurants. 30, No. Because its so evocative, students, and often supervisors, have a kind of fragility around [race], Pieterse noted. Learning objectives: After reading this article, CE candidates will be able to: For more information on earning CE credit for this article, go to CE Corner. It is important to be aware of ones own biases or preconceived notions as a behavior analyst, as well acknowledging limitations in ones cultural knowledge. Culturally aware behavior analysts should understand their own cultural values, preferences, characteristics, and circumstances and seek to learn about those of their clients. Psychology is still in the early stages of understanding how to best bring racial, cultural, and identity factors into supervision and the supervisory relationship. Culturally responsive supervision includes learning about employees perspectives, experts say. Finally, even when behavior analysts strive to be more culturally aware, provision of culturally aware services may not always go smoothly (Vandenberghe 2008), so behavior analysts should view skill development in this domain as a process and engage in ongoing assessment to continually improve their practice (see the Cultural Awareness Training in Graduate and Professional Development Programs section below). Van Dyne, L., Ang, S., & Koh, C. (2008). Developing the Cultural Awareness Skills of Behavior Analysts Therefore, this study examined the influence of cultural similarity between supervisor and employee and the cultural intelligence of the supervisor on the employees perception of the relationship between supervisor and employee. 2011), recognizing that parenting styles that are culture specific could lead to distinct behavioral consequences for a child (Akcinar and Baydar 2014, p. 119), and implementing culturally appropriate language acquisition programs (see Brodhead et al. 98 0 obj <> tend to focus primarily on cultural similarities and aren't as effective at engaging and leveraging deeper . One strategy for behavior analysts to document the efficacy of their services may be to distribute social validity surveys to the clients they serve. PubMedGoogle Scholar. In several studies, he has found that mental health graduate students who have developed higher critical consciousness have greater political self-efficacy, more persistence toward gaining a degree, and better academic performance than students with lower critical consciousness. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28(1), 7885. Cultural Responsiveness Framework in BCBA Supervision - PMC After reviewing the existing literature on cross-cultural supervision, Leong and Wagner Research in Organizational Behavior, 24, 271299. 3 Ways to Respect Other Cultures - wikiHow Such a survey could also be useful for evaluating the effectiveness of supervision and professional development programs in creating culturally aware behavior analysts. For example, in some cultures, the concept of reinforcement can be illustrated by describing the act of bowing to greet one another. It can be challenging to work with supervisees who are different from you, whether because you are more sensitized to cultural and racial issues than they are or the other way aroundor for any number of other interpersonal reasons. The work is important because society, students, and clients require it for self-awareness, mental and physical health, and psychological empowerment. . During individual supervision, the supervisor can ask the supervisee to discuss any instances where conflicts between cultures might result in barriers to effective service delivery. <>/Border[0 0 0]/Contents( \n h t t p s : / / e g r o v e . Infant Mental Health Journal, 41(2), 166177. Culturally responsive supervision includes learning about social justice perspectives such as critical consciousness and decolonization. endobj 2023 Regents of the University of Minnesota. We encourage organizations and training programs to review Fong and Tanakas(2013) recommendations and consider integrating them into supervision and coursework. However, the Professional and Ethical Compliance Code for Behavior Analysts (BACB 2015) does touch on this topic, with the requirement that, Where differences of age, gender, race, culture, ethnicity, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, disability, language, or socioeconomic status significantly affect behavior analysts work concerning particular individuals or groups, behavior analysts obtain the training, experience, consultation, and/or supervision necessary to ensure the competence of their services, or they make appropriate referrals. h}GA z9)=;H^-IP
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%]%:K?YC$]1C*`#J.FHmB,9@#HTW3#]wFo)~I)*J.mkt&CZTs(L;O1C}qAyF?q2DPlXaZg/iZKRcqOYZ4,yrl S:/k=~<2"r~3fUc73, American Psychological Association. (2019). Cultural awareness could also ensure that behavior analysts treat service delivery as always a two- way street (Bolling 2002), meaning that the relationship between the behavior analyst and the stakeholders should include input about what cultural contingencies and values may contribute to an effective relationship and intervention. While collaborating with the family to gather data during the functional assessment, they determined that the students withdrawn behavior occurred because of childs lack of comfort with receiving individual attention. (2012). However, skilled, thorough, and well-trained behavior analysts may not always consider client culture. Assessing internal working models of the attachment relationship: An attachment story completion task for 3-year-olds. Benschop, Y. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 3(1), 100115. Consider the following example of a child who was referred for a functional assessment for withdrawn behavior. 0000002044 00000 n
With around-the-clock expert help, you can find the help you need, whenever you need it. 103 0 obj Finally, we conclude with additional discussion and considerations for becoming culturally aware in everyday practice. 108 0 obj However, neither the behavior analyst nor the special education teacher questioned their personal assumption that the behavior is inappropriate for the classroom or their preferences about how children should act after receiving praise. Whereas, an assessment that is not culturally informed may lead to an intervention not matched to client culture which then cant implemented with fidelity. Hayes SC, Toarmino D. If behavioral principles are generally applicable, why is it necessary to understand cultural diversity? Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Attachment, communication, and the therapeutic process. In S. Ang & L. Van Dyne (Eds. Like Salend and Taylor (2002), these authors describe how steps in interventions, such as school-wide positive behavior support, can be made more culturally awarefor example, by using activities that are considerate of learning histories and the norms and values of the culture, family, school, and community. Work group diversity and group performance: An integrative model and research agenda. The mediating effect of leader-member exchange between strengths use and work engagement. Specifically, the authors provide guidelines for conducting a culturally informed functional assessment interview, in which increases in accurate case formulation, decreases in diagnostic errors, decreases in attrition, increases in the credibility of the therapy, and increases in the expectation of positive change, client compliance, and active participation in treatment might be a result. Bretherton, I., Ridgeway, D., & Cassidy, J. Fourth edition task list, retrieved from, Behavior Analyst Certification Board. 0000007016 00000 n
The meaning of employee engagement. Alliance for the Advancement of Infant Mental Health Annual Retreat. <>/Border[0 0 0]/Contents(Counseling Psychology Commons)/Rect[137.2383 225.7906 289.0352 237.5094]/StructParent 6/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> These ideas apply equally well to those who train supervisors and to the trainees themselves, since their aim is to take this same approach with patients, said Rodney K. Goodyear, PhD, an emeritus professor at the University of Southern California and the University of Redlands and coauthor with Janine M. Bernard, PhD, of Fundamentals of Clinical Supervision (6th ed.) The Influence of Cultural Differences on the Relationship Between Employee and Supervisor, and Employee Attitudes and Behavior. However, common functional assessment data collection strategies and interview forms may not thoroughly explore cultural preferences and norms. 99 0 obj Ang, S., & Inkpen, A. C. (2008). In: Macey, W. H., & Schneider, B. Identify emerging models, theories, and ideas on bringing racial, cultural, and identity factors into supervision and the supervisory relationship. (Pearson, 2019). Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved. International Journal of Behavioral Disorders. That is, behavior analysts should be aware about their own personal biases and how they compare to and may affect their relationship with their client. Supporting competencies/reducing risks (3rd ed.). In this case, their lack of understanding about how the cultural contingencies support the clients inappropriate behavior may have resulted in a treatment recommendation that was incongruent with cultural values. (2001). Because the students withdrawn behavior is maintained by a lack of attention, the behavior analyst and special education teacher suggest administering praise privately. Zero to Three Journal, 28(2), 916. A final strategy for integrating cultural awareness into professional development is to encourage continuing education requirements for cultural awareness. The Power Dynamics of Supervision: Ethical Dilemmas When we know about others' cultures, we better understand their way of thinking, feeling, and acting. 96 0 obj Lekas, H.M., Pahl K., & Fuller Lewis, C. (2020, December 20). To earn CE credit, after you read this article, complete an online learning exercise and take a CE test. Avoidance of excessive or complex behavior analytic jargon may eliminate such problems. 2023 Center for Practice Transformation, All Rights Reserved. Today, more than a decade later, they are close friends. In this regard, he and others use another aspect of Freires theories called critical consciousness, which means gaining the ability to reflect and analyze social conditions that are impacting you negatively, Cadenas explained. Guidelines and principles for accreditation of programs in professional psychology: Quick reference guide to internship programs. 0000001178 00000 n
Function-based treatments for escape-maintained problem behavior: a treatment-selection model for practicing behavior analysts. Bradley, F. (2005). In terms of the supervisee experience, Falender also views the high debt load of many psychology students as a form of colonialism or oppression. These behaviors include selecting culturally appropriate treatments (see Rispoli et al. (1988). Balducci, C., Fraccaroli, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. The following two sections describe how behavior analysts can become more aware of personal cultural values and contingencies and how they can develop skills to learn about their clients cultural identities. The family, to whom church is very important, attended a weekly three hour church service. Saying something like, Im wondering how my racial identity and your racial identity can inform the work we are doing, opens the door for discussion, he said. 101 0 obj Applying acceptance, mindfulness, and values to the reduction of prejudice: a pilot study. <>/Metadata 94 0 R/Outlines 50 0 R/Pages 91 0 R/StructTreeRoot 55 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> Chicago: IBM SPSS. (2012). PubMed Weatherston, D. J., & Barron, C. (2009). Vandenberghe (2008) emphasizes the need for a behavior analyst to be aware of differences that may exist, including cultural differences, between the behavior analyst, client, and their families. A new model for examining the leader-member exchange (LMX) theory. Part of that preparedness is knowing and. Cultural respect is critical to reducing health disparities. Bringing humility to leadership: Antecedents and consequences of humility. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 62(4), 353363. Term Definition; Cultural competency "The ability of individuals to use academic, experiential, and interpersonal skills to increase their understanding and appreciation of cultural differences and similarities within, among, and between groups, which includes the individuals' desire, willingness, and ability to improve systems and work closely with knowledgeable persons from the community . Bolling MY. The workshop content is dependent on completion of the IDI assessment as aggregate group results will be presented and interpreted in the workshop. A behavior analyst should rely on professional experience and knowledge to serve this client, given the behavior analysts cultural context, but should also remember that within-group differences are greater than between-group differences (Sue 2003).