Nearly all the baggage was captured. He moved to Wilmington, N.C., where he gave his exhausted army a brief rest. Leonhardt survived for another eleven days. After the fall of Charlestown in May of 1780, Col. Andrew Pickens turned himself in at a fort in the Ninety-Six District, took British protection, and had since been observing his parole. He put his own sword to Capt. Robert Cleveland and some of Cleveland's men from King's Mountain soon received word of what had transpired and formed a party of 20 to 30 to go after Riddle. The British soon recovered from their surprise and attacked the larger group of Patriots, who were now the surprised ones and who quickly retreated back to Elizabeth Town. Lt. Col. Lees troops gave chase to the Provincials. They rode into the camp, terrifying the Loyalist militia. Once inside the ambush, the Patriots fired upon the Loyalists. About a mile north of Quinby's Bridge, a hundred men of the British 19th Regiment of Foot, led by Capt. However, this location had fewer trees to impede the view of the many Patriot snipers that soon found them and besieged them. After his involvement at the battle of Cowpens, he was promoted to Brigadier General in command the SC 3rd Brigade of Militia covering the northwestern section of the state. American Revolution after Yorktown They only stayed at the fort for one day, leaving the next morning. Fanning drew his own pistol and killed him. On May 20, Major General Nathanael Greene camped on Bush River, arriving the next day at Ninety-Six. Kirkwood's men marched back to their camp, and arrived at daybreak. The advance party of Arnold's invasion force landed at Hood's Point consisting of 130 Queen's Rangers under Lieut. George Washington's Mount Vernon Congress created the Continental Army on June 14, 1775, and John Adams nominated George Washington to serve as the army's Commander-in- While there were over 230 skirmishes and battles fought during the American Revolution, below are the battles General Washington was On this march they took "one white man prisoner." They then took possession of Cross Creek across the river and conducted operations into the countryside from there. He ordered his men to keep riding. James Armstrong of Lees Legion defeated an enemy cavalry force led by Capt. The British reported Brigadier General Sumter lost 18 killed, and a number of men and horses taken. The Patriots lost one killed and several wounded, and they withdrew for about a mile. DeGloback's company rode to within forty yards of two pickets, and when they fired the Patriots charged. Documentary confirmation is also provided by statements of soldiers who speak of having been in the Battle of Windy Hill in the Barnwell District. He also feared an American attack on his base at New York City. The day after the skirmish at Whitesell's Mill, Col. Otho Williams decided to attempt surprising Lt. Col. Banastre Tarleton at his own camp. General [Robert] Cunningham. John McCleur sailed his Virginia privateer Hunter into Charlestown Harbor and took the sloop Brier within full view of the British armed vessels anchored in the harbor. In the same letter reporting this skirmish, Sumter said: The Hessian horse is Gone Downwards Except Twenty five that Crosed from the fort at Motts & Went in to Camden With Majr Doyl [John Doyle].. Col. Dudley had served with distinction at the battle of Hobkirk's Hill (SC) and had been discharged by Greene on May 10. Col. David Fanning did not try to take on Col. Isaacs's larger army, but instead moved southeast, away from territory under the control of Patriots. He told her that she had nothing he wanted - he was the father of the boy killed at Piney Bottom Creek. Greene confined these prisoners to the camp provost for possible reprisal for the recent death of Patriot Col. Isaac Hayne. Riddle and his Loyalists all escaped. That same day, Cunninghams gang went to the house of Hilliard Thomas. He could not return the way he came and instead charged towards the British camp and around their flank. They could be heard moving through the swamp, breaking brush and getting tangled in vines and bushes. Col. Fanning and his men were told that 600 Patriots were coming for him, and as a result many Loyalists fled. After the battle at Guilford Court House, and when the determination of Greene to march into South Carolina was made known, Clark and M'Call proceeded to co-operate with him by annoying the British posts in Georgia.". The command of this new group of "Light Corps" was given to Col. Otho Williams, Greene's Adjutant General from Maryland. Singleton "with a small squad of Sumters menattacked a party of marauding Tories, eleven in number, at Bloody Savannah, ten miles distant" from the present-day town of Sumter. Watts had one man wounded, Cornet Julius Hite. His sudden departure gave local Patriots a chance to strike back at the strengthening Loyalists in the area. They eventually recognized the Delaware Continentals as their enemy and took one of them as prisoner, firing upon the rest. Fanning later wrote, "I mounted my men and placed them in Concealment along the Road." Casualties: American: ? He was given no mercy and then shot in the chest. AdmiralSatanwho nearly made India a French colony. Conclusion: American Victory. Sterling Turners Patriot Militia assembled and pursued Col. Hezekiah Williams. Brigadier General Pickens would exact his revenge against their whole nation in 1782. Capt. On January 28, the British seized the town of Wilmington without firing a shot. On March 16, the battle began. At Steven's Creek, a Patriot force led by Lt. Col. Hugh Middleton attacked the Loyalists. On March 9 or 10, Watson again advanced and Marion's riflemen under Lieut. While he awaits supplies and much-needed reinforcements from the Royal Navy, the Continental Army seizes an opportunity. Washington, George III, and their allies After Rawdon abandoned Camden, Greene sent a detachment into the town and moved with his army toward Friday's Ferry, he called an escort of dragoons and met Lee and Marion at Fort Motte after the fort surrendered and he had made camp at Widow Weston's near McCord's Ferry. Wilson counterattacked after the last attempt, and drove off Benton. Barton only had six men, the firing lasted over an hour. Joseph Jones and his Tories intended to surprise Capt. Gen. Francis Marion took advantage of the turnover of personnel and sent Lt. Col. Hezekiah Maham with 180 of his men plus 200 men from Col. Isaac Shelby (NC) and Col. John Sevier (NC), which had just been assigned to his command thanks to a request from Maj. Gen. Nathanael Greene. Fanning gathered seventeen men and set up an ambush at Buffalo Ford on the Deep River. Governor Burke was soon transported to Charlestown, South Carolina, where he was imprisoned at James Island. The sentries ran onto the porch where most of the Patriot militia was sleeping and rousted them from their beds. Fanning had not worked with McDugald before, but knew of him from John Hamilton's Royal North Carolina Regiment. The British, in hostile territory, held only a few coastal areas in America. The settlement was burned to the ground. Book Review: After Yorktown: The Final Struggle for American Independence by Don Glickstein (Westholme Publishing, November 2015). Jim aimed at the formation and fired. The Patriots escaped into the night, but Capt. Conclusion: British Victory. The plan worked, and White led the Loyalists into an ambush that had been set up by Roebuck, the fort was then easily entered and taken. Capt. was the Revolutionary War over after the battle This trip, he was headed to New Bern. At one point Capt. ?? Revolutionary War Battles Col. Francis, Lord Rawdon, learning that Fort Granby was in danger, dispatched Lt. Col. Welbore Ellis Doyle from Camden with the Volunteers of Ireland, a relief force of 600 infantry, 200 cavalry, and two artillery pieces to attack Brigadier General Sumter. The Continental Army, on the other hand, drew men of diverse ages and backgrounds into an undisciplined force. And that fightingwhich expanded after the French entered the war in 1778now spanned the world, from Hudson Bay to South America, Cape Town to Arkansas, Gibraltar to Both sides lost 1 killed, with an unspecified number of wounded. After a siege lasting two months, the Spanish under General (also Governor) Bernardo de Galvez took Fort George in Pensacola, Florida from the British. On June 26, a British force consisting of Col. John Simcoe's Queen's Rangers, supported by a small force of German jager riflemen, encountered and attacked the leading elements of the Pennsylvania Continental Line, commanded by Col. Thomas Butler, and some American cavalry. Livingstone was one of several Royalists killed in the fight.. Cornwallis' defeat at Yorktown brought a new group of British ministers to power early in 1782. Capt. Gen. Thomas Sumter, was passing between Scape Hoar Creek, Hoar Creek, and Ratcliff's Bridge over the Lynches River, they stumbled upon some British infantry of Maj. Thomas Fraser's Royalists. His raids redirected the attention of the Patriots in the area and when they left their districts unprotected while in search of Fanning, other Loyalists sprang into action in Bladen and Cumberland counties. Major Cunningham asked their names, but neither would answer. After two years of captivity, OHara was exchanged for Rochambeaus son. When Horry arrived at the plantation, they engaged the British, killing 9 men and capturing 16 men. Green gave me orders if possible to take possession of Logtown, which was in full view of Camden & if I could take it, to mentain (sic) it until (sic) further orders, Leaving Camp about 8 at night, arrived before the town between 9 & 10 and about 12 Oclock got full possession of the place, A scattered firing was kept up all night, And at sun rise next morning , had a sharp schirmage, Beat in the Enemy, About two hours afterwards had the Very agreeable Sight of the advance of the Army. Blindfolded and brought inside American lines, the British officer secures terms of surrender for the British Army. The British were so crowded that they could not form a line of battle. On September 11, his army of over 600 Loyalists marched towards Hillsborough. Our work has been featured by the New York Times, TIME magazine, History Channel, Discovery Channel, Smithsonian, Mental Floss, NPR, and more. This slowed down the anger, but it did not stop it. Arnold's troops set fire to crops, military supplies, and other patriot property. Arnold afterward returned to join Phillips. Out of all the prisoners, only McMillan and Currie had been at Piney Bottom Creek. He was cut down and killed. Simcoe broke off the action, and brought word to Cornwallis of the American advance. They captured its strongest fortification after they had built a Maham Tower and mounted a 6-lb. Brigadier General Griffith Rutherford and his 1,500 man army marched towards Wilmington, and they stopped at a British post located in a Brick House opposite to Wilmington. Crawford and his men then escaped into the Cherokee Nation. They attacked the Loyalists at the mill. Arnold, at Petersburg, wrote to Clinton on May 12th: On the 18th of April, the light infantry, part of the 76th and 80th regiments, the Queen's rangers, yagers, and American legion, embarked at Portsmouth, and fell down to Hampton road: on the 19th, proceeded up James river to Burwell's ferry; on the 20th, Lieutenant-colonel Abercrombie, with the light infantry, proceeded up the Chickahomany in boats; Lieutenant-colonel Simcoe, with a detachment, to York; Lieutenant-colonel Dundass [Thomas Dundas], with another detachment, landed at the mouth of the Chickahomany; and Major-general Phillips and myself landed with part of the army at Williamsburg, where about five hundred militia were posted, who retired upon our approach. ", This new "Light Corps" forced the British to slow their march because of the constant threat of ambush. Yorktown, Virginia was founded in 1691 by Thomas Ballard along with Joseph Ring. Capt. The Patriots said that Major Fraser was driven back, and then Brigadier General Sumter continued his retreat. Hampton had, until this time, taken British protection, but he informed Sumter that the Fort was running low on stores. The only thing that saved the cavalry was that the 19th Regiment of Foot was not battle-hardened veterans, but untested recruits, unsure of what to do in a fierce battle. Col. John Slingsby and his men were in Bladen County (getting whipped at Tory Hole), and Col. Hector McNeill was at McPhaul's Mill. Many visitors to Yorktown Battlefield are confused by the time lapse between the battle and the ratification of the Treaty of Paris, in September 1783. The horse finally overcame its fear and Major McJunkin chased the flaming man for about a mile. George Washington's Mount Vernon Congress created the Continental Army on June 14, 1775, and John Adams nominated George Washington to serve as the army's Commander-in- While there were over 230 skirmishes and battles fought during the American Revolution, below are the battles General Washington was In this encounter, called the Battle of the Capes, the British fleet is soundly defeated and forced to abandon Cornwalliss army at Yorktown. They have to be taken by force. The creek (though slightly marked in the maps) runs very high into the country. To his unwilling Patriot hostess he admitted, "I have never seen such shooting before in my life.". The same or the next day Sumter loaded the captured items on flats he had been collecting, and attempted to have them sent down river toward Nelson's Ferry, not far from where Sumter and the rest of his men, were to rendezvous with him at a specified location. Conclusion: British Victory. The Patriots considered the main house at Fair Lawn Plantation too formidable to take, so they decided to attack one of the outbuildings, which was a British hospital. Here at Yorktown, in the fall of 1781, General George Washington, with allied American and French forces, besieged General Charles Lord Secondly, there is little description of the impact of the Dutch Navy. Major Joseph Eggleston was sent to attack the enemy's flank while Lt. Col. Lee and the remainder of his group moved to "force the enemy in front.". The legend about the British singing a popular tune called The World Turned Upside Down originated 30 years after the war in Alexander GardensAnecdotes of the American Revolution2ndseries (Charleston, 1828), p. 18. Much of the 1862 Yorktown battlefield encompasses the 1781 battlefield of the American Revolution. Once across the river, many of his soldiers began cooking breakfast. The large force stopped after about 18 miles and camped near Mitchell Mountain for the night. Conclusion: British Victory. Philip Martingale. The Patriots told old Mr. Clarke to have all the bodies buried by the next evening or they would kill him, too. On March 15, 1781, a bloody exchange occurred at Guilford Courthouse in North Carolina. Somewhere between the Haw and Deep Rivers, around midnight, a group 70 to 80 loyalists desirous of joining the British, were mistook by Tarleton's cavalry for some rebels. The Patriots now only hoped for mercy, but "Bloody Bill" was again to live up to his name. The final resistance was from the small contingent of North Carolina Continentals who had barricaded themselves inside a nearby church. Miller, then galloped in pursuit only to be charged in the flank by Lee and his dragoons, who had lain concealed along the road. Marion sent Col. Peter Horry and 30 to 40 mounted militia to attack some loyalists butchering cattle not far from Georgetown. Three Patriots were hit, probably with a load of buck and ball, so they all fled the riverbank before being surrounded. Pickens, who subsequently met up with Clark, reported the casualties to Greene as 34 killed and 42 captured. Gen. Charles O'Hara. Capt. Lewis was given a group of men who were part of the rear guard at Dickey's Farm when they heard troops approaching at the far end of the road. The British, states Graham, lost nine killed and wounded, while the remainder were taken prisoner. Frightened by the long British bayonets, Lt. Scott inexplicably ordered his men to hold their fire. Sergeant Major Seymour wrote that Lt. Col. Lee and his cavalry met "their vanguard, consisting of an officer and twenty men, which they killed, wounded, and made prisoners, all but one man. The Patriot sentinels were fast asleep and Col. Fanning captured two of them. When "Bloody Bill" Bates decided to attack the settlements in South Carolina he sent a part of his force to attack a small fort called Mill's Station. Early in the morning of March 12, Lee had a brief skirmish with some of Tarleton's men in the area to the west of Guilford. Major John Doyle of the Volunteers of Ireland gathered all the mounted troops within Orangeburgh to find supplies. The fort had been recently reinforced with a reported 400 men, and Sumter was soundly beaten back with some loss. When Capt. Unfortunately, Spain's nominal contribution to the war was counterbalanced by the most ambitious territorial demand - the return of Gibraltar by Great Britain. Capt. He attacked the headquarters of of Lt. Col. James De Lancey's Tory Battalion at Morrisiana. The Patriot force, commanded by Lt. Col. William Harden, learned of the British camp and made plans to attack them. Two of the detachments under Col. Hezekiah Williams and Capt. for the next couple days. Capt. He tried to move his men quickly by forced marches to keep these supplies secure. I give orders to the Cols Commanding four Regemnts in My Brigade Westward of Broad River to Join Genl Pickens, Which has been Done accordingly. Sergeant Major John Perry led one party and Quartermaster Sergeant William Lunsford led the other party, both under Lt. Col. William Washington (VA). Revolutionary War Battles Valentin Leonhardt and Wooldrich Fritz were neighbors along Leonard's Creek who had enlisted in the Patriot army. This had been accomplished in plain view of the British Legion who was on the other side of the farmhouse fence. He recovered and lived for many more years. The violence was not over yet. James Harding lived on Bear Creek on the south side of the Deep River. Brigadier General Thomas Sumter got revenge on Capt. It never entered the minds of the Loyalists that she was a spy. They pursued Col. Williams across the Saluda River into what is now Newberry County, and surprised the Loyalists, killing Capt. On January 8, the expedition returned to Westover, without having suffered any loss. However, British leaders feared they might lose other parts of Britain's empire if they continued the war in America. Morrisiana is located in Westchester County and was the ancestral home of the Morris Family. Col. Hector McNeill and his men were supposed to go across the swamp and move around Col. Wade's position to cut off any retreat across Beatti's Bridge. Capt. Barclay, to no avail. Conclusion: American Victory, Col. Wade Hampton was ordered by Brigadier General Thomas Sumter to ride towards Biggin Creek Bridge and harass any British posts in the area. Revolutionary War Battles Capt. Young's militia fled when they saw the British. Unfortunately, only 435 were equipped and armed. The wagons were plundered and burned, the officers took all the money, and the men took everything they could carry. Cornwallis Surrender at Yorktown Did Not End the American Revolution For example, after a November 2, 1781 skirmish southwest of Savannah, British sources cite killing about fifty rebels while losing twelve to fourteen soldiers. Major General Nathanael Greene dispatched his cavalry forces closer to Charlestown to keep an eye on British movements. Harding convinced Col. Fanning that he could lead the enemy into an ambush, and Fanning agreed to send him off to meet Capt. Having completed the fortifications at Portsmouth, which Arnold had begun, Maj. Gen. William Phillips embarked with about 2,300 rank and file troops and sailed up the James River as far as Burwell's ferry, which he reached on the 19th or 20th. Excerpt from a letter from Brigadier General Francis Marion to Major General Nathanael Greene, dated Jan. 18, 1781: "Lt. Col. John Ervin who commands a detachment near Nelson's Ferry, informs me that he sent Capt. They destroyed Tuckasegee and 15 other smaller towns. At Gowen's Fort, the defenders were the local settlers who put up a pretty good defense, but they were low on ammunition. The Battle of Yorktown proved to be the decisive engagement of the American Revolution. The condition and encampments of the troops is a, Thank you for this insightful analysis, Benjamin. Battle of Yorktown The British simply thought it was impossible for a rifle shot to make it from there. The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. (also given as taking place on 6 January). Daniel McMillan came into the house begging for his life. Capt. Sumter got revenge on Coffin's raid of the Waxhaws (April 9th) by sending men to burn and kill in the Mobley and Sandy Run settlements. Key tenets of Americas founding ethos are that rugged, independent minded farmers and tradesmen rose up in righteous rebellion to throw off the shackles of British tyranny and they succeeded by winning the last battle of the Revolution at Yorktown. Though Marion did reply, he would not, or else could not help Sumter in this siege or any subsequent movements. the British had already crossed Shallow Ford the previous evening]. In June, the row galley HMS General Arnold, commanded by Capt. Conclusion: American Victory. This did not stop the Patriot dragoons who cut through their ranks. This boat was attacked by Capt. A Capt. In any case, after the engagement Brigadier General Sumter crossed Radcliffe's bridge and "disappeared on a circuitous route toward New Acquisition," finally reaching Waxhaws. 30th, the troops marched to Manchester, and destroyed twelve hundred hogsheads of tobacco. He also said that Col. William Bennett, were alerted in the nick of time by the barking of a dog. The battle seesawed back and forth for an hour. But Watson cleared the way with grapeshot from his cannon and had his men wade through the stream. After sailing up the Cape Fear River, Capt. When Brigadier General Marion's men wheeled back from the cannon fire, Lt. Col. Watson Tadwell-Watson loaded his wounded into two wagons, left twenty dead upon the field, and plunged across the ford, the blood on the wagon floors tinging with red. He also told him that he had been trying to get away from the Patriots for some time, and now he finally had his chance. A Capt. But the world truly changes that day as the military operations of the War for Independence cease. After the unsatisfying raid on Georgetown of January 24-25th, Brigadier General Francis Marion sent out several patrols to seek out and destroy, if possible, as many British supply bases/posts as they could. The Captain had his men across the great road, to Mebane's, and the Cavalry turning to the left, entered an old field in open order, upwards of two hundred yards from the enemy, and galloping across it as right angles to their lines - completely attracted their attention and drew their fire; until Simmons's party reached the small buildings, and fired from the corners of both at the same instant. Butler offered his own life in exchange for his son's. Col. Hector McNeill learned that some of Col. Thomas Wade's men were at Richard Fanning's mill in Montgomery County, and he rode to that location with 70 Loyalists under his command. After a sharp fight, Col. Williams retreated, with only a few minor injuries. Thomas Shubrick, who had been captured at the fall of Charleston over a year ago. Subsequent writers embellished Marions reputation by portraying only his victories. They tied their bundled clothes and boots to their heads and grasped their rifles by the barrell to keep the flintlocks above water. Some meal, much of it damaged, and some of the boats Greene had Kosciuszko build earlier were at Haley's Ferry, where they were being guarded by some locals. In addition, there was no widely known tune at that time called The World Turned Upside Down. Finally, Article III of the Articles of Capitulation signed at Yorktown clearly states that The [British] garrisonwill march outwith shouldered arms, colours cased, anddrums beatinga British or German march. Col. Carrington with the baggage and artillery "to the strong country north of Lynch's Creek." Tory Capt. When they reached the bridge they quickly wheeled their horses under a volley of musket fire. Conclusion: British Victory. Tarleton lost 7 men killed and wounded, and twenty horses. For two days after joining forces at McPhaul's Mill, Col. Archibald McDugald and Col. Duncan Ray skirmished with a body of Patriot horsemen that were pursuing the Loyalists. When Lt. Col. Henry "Light Horse Harry" Lee arrived and informed Brigadier General Griffith Rutherford's army about the surrender of Lt. General Charles, Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown, the camp erupted into a celebration, firing their rifles into the air. James DePeyster and 29 men of the King's American Regt. Tarleton, reinforced by Webster's 23rd Infantry Regiment, was sent by Gen. Charles Cornwallis to scout the strength of the gathering American militia. British Major General Alexander Leslie had sent orders to Major James H. Craig, the occupying commandant of Wilmington, to evacuate by sea back to Charlestown, where he was originally stationed. Soon thereafter, Major General Greene ordered Brigadier General Francis Marion to strike at the enemy's lines of communications down to Charlestown. About 5,500 French soldiers had reached America in July 1780. [Richard] Simmons directions to go behind the swell in the ground until he got the buildings between him and the [British] guard and then advance; while at the same time, the Cavalry would make a diversion to our left. Peace negotiations didnt begin until April 1782 and the actual Treaty of Paris wasnt signed until September 3 rd, 1783. Bass qualifies this by implying it was of a more primitive sort than that later proposed by Major Hezekiah Maham. Capt. After Col. David Fanning's attack against Col. Philip Alston's House in the Horseshoe, he needed to go to Wilmington to resupply his ammunition coffers. Fanning reached his men, the Patriots tried to fire their pistols, but they misfired. The Shell family peppers the enemy with musket fire while McDonald suffers a mortal leg wound while prying open a door with a crowbar. This large group broke up and headed home. Despite being outnumbered two to one, the town would not fall till May 9, and then only after a deserter had exploded a key ammunition magazine within the post. As he marched his men to the main British camp, Lt. Col. Tarleton ran into a large group of Loyalists who were also marching in to join up with Lt. General Charles, Lord Cornwallis. Conclusion: British Victory. Their commander, Col. Henry Young, sent large amounts of military stores out of the town so these would not be captured by the enemy. Some were taken back to the mountains where they were burned at the stake. Conclusion: American Victory. Upon entering the camp, Harding immediately approached Col. Fanning and shook his hand. Clark, Twiggs, Jackson and a number of distinguished Georgians, now returned into action, and such a change was produced in the face of things, as to extort from Major [actually Lieut. Cornwallis made a desperate attempt to ferry his forces across the York River to safety on the night of October 16. Four ships, five brigantines, and a number of the smaller vessels were sunk and burnt. ", Rutherford had been captured at the battle of Camden (SC) in August of 1780 - over a year ago - and had spent much time as a prisoner in Florida. Only Capt. These were owned by Capt. John McCauley who drove the Rangers back, killing Harrison. Twenty men landed on the Point and began to cut away the undergrowth with axes. He describes events such as the Newburgh Conspiracy and the economic threats to continuing the contest the Revolution. Cornwallis moved his army up in response, but there was no further fighting. Conclusion: British Victory. The British Colonel Brown marched down from Augusta with an overwhelming force of Tories and Indians, and taking their stand at Wiggins' Hill', commenced a slaughter of the inhabitants. During the night, Capt. Yorktown, historic town, seat (1634) of York county, southeastern Virginia, U.S. Duncan Currie was shot and killed while trying to cross a fence. The Patriots were still to the southeast, but Col. Fanning learned that a small force of twenty-five men were camped at the New Hope River, between Col. Fanning and Brigadier General Butler. Conclusion: Inconclusive, Lt. General Charles, Lord Cornwallis marched his forces towards the Deep River Quaker Meeting House, all the while being watched by Col. Otho Williams's Light Corps.
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